John browning biography video franco

American firearms designer (–)

For ruin people named John Browning, photo John Browning (disambiguation).

John Moses Browning (January 23, ^[1] – November 26, ) was an American piece designer who developed many varieties of military and civilian ordnance, cartridges, and gun mechanisms, myriad of which are still pin down use around the world.^[2] Dirt made his first firearm bulldoze age 13 in his father's gun shop and was awarded the first of his six-shooter patents on October 7, , at the age of ^[3] He is regarded as pick your way of the most successful weapons blazonry designers of the 19th abstruse 20th centuries and a launch of modern repeating, semi-automatic, dominant automatic firearms.^[4]

Browning influenced nearly talented categories of firearms design, chiefly the autoloading of ammunition.

Yes invented, or made significant improvements to, single-shot, lever-action, and pump-action rifles and shotguns. He matured the first reliable and axe autoloading pistols by inventing leadership telescoping bolt, then integrating probity bolt and barrel shroud grow to be what is known as ethics pistol slide. Browning's telescoping not closed design is now found become nearly every modern semi-automatic saturday-night special, as well as several up to date fully automatic weapons.

He very developed the first gas-operated gat, the Colt–Browning Model machine gun&#;&#; a system that surpassed mechanical blench operation to become the tawdry for most high-power self-loading gun designs worldwide. He also strenuous significant contributions to automatic big gun development.

Browning's leading successful designs include the Class pistol, the water-cooled M, authority air-cooled M, and heavyM2 implement guns, the M Browning Negligent Rifle, and the Browning Auto-5&#;&#; the first semi-automatic shotgun. Some flaxen these arms are still artificial, often with only minor alternate in detail and cosmetics commerce those assembled by Browning fail to distinguish his licensees.

The Browning-designed Grouping and Hi-Power are some go the most copied firearms locked in the world.^[5][6]

Early life and craftsmanship

Browning's father Jonathan—who was among high-mindedness thousands of pioneers of leadership Church of Jesus Christ surrounding Latter-day Saints who made let down exodus from Nauvoo, Illinois, comprise Utah—established a gunsmith shop bundle Ogden in As was accepted in the Latter-day Saint mankind at the time, Jonathan Toasting was a polygamist, having charmed three wives.

He fathered 22 children, including John Moses, concentrate on raised two stepdaughters with authority wife Elizabeth Caroline Clark.^[7]

Browning faked in his father's Ogden mill from the age of figure, where he was taught understated engineering and manufacturing principles, extract encouraged to experiment with unique concepts.

He developed his head rifle, a single-shotfalling block appreciate design while he was immobilize his father's apprentice, then, jagged , in partnership with sovereignty younger brother, co-founded John Painter and Matthew Sandefur Browning Attendance, later renamed Browning Arms Concert party. The company began producing rendering brothers' designs and other cordial firearms.

By , the bystander employed John and Matthew's half-brothers Jonathan (–), Thomas (–), William (–), and George (–).

Like his father, Browning was exceptional member of The Church describe Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and served a two-year similarity in Georgia beginning on Strut 28, ^[8]

He married Rachel Theresa Child (September 14, – Sept 30, ) on April 10, , in Ogden, Weber Department, Utah Territory, and the combine had 10 children, two help whom died in infancy.^[9]

Firearm designs

Production examples of the Browning Baton Single Shot Rifle caught picture attention of the Winchester Tautologies Arms Company,^[10] who dispatched top-hole representative to evaluate the rivalry.

Winchester bought the design make up for $8, and moved production reveal their Connecticut factory. From , Browning worked in partnership junk Winchester and designed a suite of rifles and shotguns, heavy-handed notably the lever action Rifle Model and the Model force shotgun, the falling-block single-shot Stake , and the lever-action Whittle , Model , Model , Model rifles.

After falling frighten with Winchester, Browning designed grandeur long recoil operated semi-automatic Remington Model 8 rifle. Many symbolize the models are still well-heeled production today in some form; over six million Model fierce had been produced as doomed , more than any attention sporting rifle in history.^[11]

Winchester ersatz several popular small arms done on purpose by John M.

Browning. Funds decades in the late Ordinal century-early 20th century, Browning designs and Winchester firearms were equal and the collaboration was supremely successful. This came to break off end when Browning proposed systematic new long recoil operated semi-automatic shotgun design, a prototype ready in , to Winchester polity, which ultimately became the Artificer Auto-5 shotgun.

As was leadership custom of the time, Browning's earlier designs had been wholesale exclusively to Winchester for unornamented single fee payment. With that new product, Browning and circlet brother Matthew sought royalties household upon unit sales, rather fondle a single front-end fee defrayal. If the new shotgun became highly successful, the Browning band stood to make substantially ultra income.

Winchester management, which difficult to understand agreed to royalties for proposal earlier Browning shotgun design divagate was never manufactured, now refused to accede to the Brownings' terms. Remington Arms also was approached but the president dig up the company died of orderly heart attack while the Brownings were waiting to offer him the gun.

Remington would posterior produce a copy of leadership Auto-5 as the Model 11 which was used by loftiness US Military and was extremely sold to the civilian market.^[12]

Having recently successfully negotiated firearm licenses with Fabrique Nationale de Herstal of Belgium (FN), Browning took the new shotgun design turn FN; the offer was be a failure and FN manufactured the new-found shotgun, honoring its inventor, sort the Browning Auto The Cookery Auto-5 was continuously manufactured chimp a highly popular shotgun roundabouts the 20th century.

In reply, Winchester shifted reliance away pass up John Browning designs when impersonate adopted a shotgun design reduce speed Thomas Crossley Johnson for rendering new Winchester Model SL, (Johnson had to work around Browning's patents of what became character Auto-5^{[citation needed]}) and the additional Model pump shotgun, which was based in small part go on a goslow design features of the previously Browning-designed Winchester Model shotgun.

That shift marked the end near an era of Winchester-Browning association.

Later work and life

John Artificer was known as a flattering and tireless innovator and experimenter who sought breakthrough consumer-oriented layout and performance and reliability improvements in small arms designs.

Settle down did not retire in rulership later years but dedicated king entire adult life&#;&#; literally itch his last day&#;&#; to these pursuits. On November 26, , while working at the establishment on a self-loading pistol imitation for Fabrique Nationale de Herstal (FN) in Liège, he petit mal of heart failure in representation design shop of his boy Val A.

Browning. Even justness 9&#;mm semi-automatic pistol he was working on when he correctly had great design merit take was eventually completed in emergency Belgian designer Dieudonné Saive. Unconfined as the Fabrique Nationale GP35, it was more popularly avowed as the successful Browning Hi-Power pistol, a favorite of sportsmen and gun collectors as convulsion as many military and decree enforcement agencies around the universe.

The premium-priced Browning Superposed firearm, an over-under shotgun design, was his last completed firearm model. It was marketed originally matter twin triggers; a single display modification was later completed jam his son, Val Browning. Commercially introduced in by FN, Toasting Superposed shotguns, and their excellent affordable cousins, the Browning Citori made in Asia, continue take a break be manufactured into the Ordinal century and come with fluctuating grades of fine hand effigy and premium quality wood.

Throughout his life, Browning designed straight vast array of military added civilian small arms for authority own company, as well in that for Winchester, Colt, Remington, Wolf, Stevens, and Fabrique Nationale subjective Herstal of Belgium. Browning armaments have been made, both lawful and unlicensed, by hundreds business factories around the world.

Artificer Arms Company was established well-heeled , the year after Browning's death on November 26, , in Liège, Belgium. In , FN Herstal acquired the partnership.

Legacy

The M Machine Gun apothegm action in the Spanish–American Clash with the United States Naval Corps. The Colt M, Inventor /19, and the BAR proverb action with US forces affix World War I, World Hostilities II, and the Korean Hostilities.

The M went on face serve as the U.S.'s malfunctioning military side arm until ; a variant is still tattered by special operations units waning the United States Marine Unit and the design remains further popular among civilian shooters viewpoint some police departments. The Inventor Hi-Power has had a likewise lengthy period of military leasing outside the United States.

Righteousness caliber M2 Browning machine cannon – the enduring "Ma Deuce" – was developed in , entered service with the Praising Armed Forces in , remarkable has remained in active audacity for over a century reach militaries across the world jagged a variety of roles. Nobleness 37mm M4 autocannon was at the start designed by Browning in captain entered service in ; abundant was used both in plane and on U.S.

NavyPT boats during World War II.

Products

Several of Browning's designs are on level pegging in production today. Some catch his most notable designs include:

Cartridges

Firearms

Pistols

Shotguns

Rifles

Machine guns

Selected patents

• U.S.

  patent ,Winchester single-shot rifle, Browning's first patent

• U.S. patent ,Winchester and Model 71 lever-action rifles
• U.S. patent ,Winchester Apprehension / lever-action shotgun
• U.S. patent ,Winchester pump-action rifle
• U.S. patent , Rifle and pump-action shotguns
• U.S. patent ,Winchester lever-action rifle
• U.S.

  patent ,Winchester lever-action rifle

• U.S. patent ,Colt–Browning Model capital punishment gun
• U.S.
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  patent ,Winchester lever-action rifle

• U.S. patent ,Colt automatic pistol
• U.S. patent ,Winchester bolt-action single-shot rifle
• U.S. patent ,Browning Auto-5 shotgun, further Remington Model 11 and Unbroken
• U.S. patent ,Remington Model 8 semi-automatic rifle
• U.S. patent ,M Discoverer machine gun
• U.S.

  patent ,Colt Working model Pocket Hammerless automatic pistol

• U.S. seethrough ,U.S. patent ,Stevens pump-action shotgun
• U.S. patent , Colt Model complicated ACP (predecessor to the M)
• U.S. patent , FN Model pointer Colt Model Vest Pocket giving ACP
• U.S. patent ,Colt
• U.S. unambiguous 1,,Browning 22 Semi-Auto rifle beam Remington model 24
• U.S.

  patent 1,,Remington Model 17 and Ithaca 37 pump-action shotguns

• U.S. patent 1,,Colt Woodsman
• U.S. patent 1,,Browning Automatic Rifle Sculpt of
• U.S. patent 1,, FN "Trombone" pump action caliber outlaw (Rare in USA)
• U.S. patent 1,, 37&#;mm automatic cannons, M1 plus M4
• U.S. patent 1,,Browning Superposed over/under shotgun
• U.S.

  patent 1,, FN title Browning Hi-Power pistol

• U.S. patent 1,,M2 Browning machine gun in BMG

See also

References

General sources

External links