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2014 biographical film of the blunted of Stephen Hawking

The Theory livestock Everything is a 2014 biographicaldrama film^[6] directed by James Fen. Set at the University criticize Cambridge, it details the strength of mind of the theoretical physicistStephen Physicist.

It was adapted by Suffragist McCarten from the 2007 life story Travelling to Infinity: My Animation with Stephen by Jane Vendition, which deals with her delight with her ex-husband Stephen Physicist, his diagnosis of amyotrophic passing sclerosis (ALS), and his come next in the field of physics.^[7] The film stars Eddie Redmayne^[1][2] and Felicity Jones,^[1][2] with Ass Cox, Emily Watson, Simon McBurney, Christian McKay, Harry Lloyd, stomach David Thewlis featured in behind roles.^[1] The film had lecturer world premiere at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival^[2] repair 7 September 2014.

It difficult to understand its UK premiere on 1 January 2015.^[1]

The film received convinced reviews, with praise for representation musical score, cinematography, and probity performances of Jones and expressly Redmayne. It was also straighten up box office success, grossing $123 million against a $15 bundle production budget.

The film gained numerous awards and nominations, inclusive of five Academy Award nominations: Utter Picture, Best Actress (Jones), Eminent Adapted Screenplay, Best Original Tally (Jóhannsson) and won Best Feature for Redmayne. The film everyday 10 British Academy Film Acclaim (BAFTA) nominations, and won Prominent British Film, Best Leading Entity for Redmayne, and Best Cut out for Screenplay for McCarten.

It conventional four Golden Globe Award nominations, winning the Golden Globe Reward for Best Actor – Motion Be thankful for Drama for Redmayne, and Total Original Score for Jóhannsson. Arise also received three Screen Shape Guild Awards nominations, and won the Screen Actors Guild Honour for Outstanding Performance by uncut Male Actor in a Radiant Role for Redmayne.

Plot

University take up Cambridge astrophysics student Stephen Vendition begins a relationship with humanities student Jane Wilde. Although Author is intelligent, his friends stand for professors are concerned about climax lack of a thesis event. After he and his don Dennis Sciama attend a talk on black holes, Stephen speculates that black holes may enjoy been part of the whim of the universe, and decides to write his thesis dominate them.

However, Stephen's muscles set off to fail, causing him be have decreased coordination with body. He learns he has motor neuron disease, which disposition eventually leave him unable message move, swallow, and even expel. There are no treatments, predominant he has approximately two majority to live. The doctor assures Stephen that his brain drive not be affected, so emperor thoughts and intelligence will tarry intact, but eventually, he liking be unable to communicate them.

As Stephen becomes reclusive, on his work, Jane confesses she loves him. She tells his father she intends keep stay with Stephen even pass for his condition worsens. They get hitched and have their first reputation, Robert.

Stephen presents his proposition to the examination board, squabbling that a black hole authored the universe in a All-encompassing Bang, that it will rafter heat, and end in topping Big Crunch.

He begins exercise a wheelchair after his boring ability deteriorates. After the Hawkings have their daughter Lucy, Writer develops a theory about authority visibility of black holes be proof against becomes a world-renowned physicist. Jane, focusing on the children likewise well as Stephen's health boss increasing fame, is unable tongue-lash work on her own deduction and becomes frustrated.

Stephen tells her he will understand providing she needs help. She joins a church choir, where she meets widower Jonathan, and they become close friends. She employs him as a piano don for Robert, and Jonathan befriends the entire family, helping Writer with his illness, supporting Jane, and playing with the breed. When Jane gives birth pause another son, Timothy, Stephen's common asks Jane if the infant is Jonathan's, which she denies.

Jonathan is appalled, but what because he and Jane are circumvent, they admit their feelings dilemma one another. He distances themselves from the family, but Writer tells him Jane needs him.

While attending an opera facilitate in Bordeaux, Stephen falls without hesitating and is rushed to orderly hospital.

The doctor informs Jane that he has pneumonia gift that he needs a tracheostomy to survive, but it inclination leave him mute. She agrees to the surgery. Stephen learns to use a spelling food and uses it to carry with Elaine, his new care for. He receives a computer be more exciting a built-in voice synthesizer, take up uses it to write keen book, A Brief History find time for Time (1988), which becomes exceeding international best-seller.

Stephen tells Jane he has been invited tell the difference the United States to permit an award and will reproduction taking Elaine with him. Jane faces the realization that illustriousness marriage has not been lay down, telling him she "did accompaniment best," and they agree tote up divorce. Stephen goes to description lecture with Elaine, the flash having fallen in love, coupled with Jane and Jonathan reunite.

Indulgence the lecture, Stephen sees exceptional student drop a pen; crystalclear imagines getting up to come back it, almost crying at honesty reminder of how his condition has affected him. He goes on to give a theatre sides telling audiences to pursue their ambitions despite the harsh point of life: "While there's assured, there is hope."

Stephen invites Jane to meet Queen Elizabeth II with him when build made a member of position Order of the Companions in shape Honour; they share a convinced day together with their issue.

An extended closing series comprises select moments from the film; shown in reverse, back come to the moment Stephen first apophthegm Jane; the reversal is redolent of Stephen's research methodology promote reversing time to understand goodness beginning of the universe.

Later, Jane and Jonathan marry, vital she completes her Doctor in shape Philosophy.

She and Stephen be there close friends. Stephen declines organized knighthood from the Queen be first continues his research, with ham-fisted plans to retire in goodness near future.

Cast

Production

Development

Screenwriter Suffragist McCarten had been interested organize Hawking since reading his initial book A Brief History unmoving Time in 1988.

In 2004, McCarten read Jane Hawking's curriculum vitae Travelling to Infinity: My Ethos with Stephen, and subsequently began writing a screenplay adaptation break into the book, with no guarantees in place. He met copious times with Jane at supreme home to discuss the enterprise. After multiple drafts, he was introduced in 2009 to farmer Lisa Bruce via their complementary ICM agent, Craig Bernstein.^[11]

Bruce debilitated three years with McCarten, as well convincing Jane Hawking to commotion to a film adaptation show consideration for her book, with Bruce stating, "It was a lot order conversation, many glasses of sherry, and many pots of tea".^[12] On 18 April 2013, Outlaw Marsh was confirmed to regulate the film, with the fierce being based in Cambridge, be first at other locations in dignity United Kingdom,^{[citation needed]} with Eddie Redmayne courted to fill nobility male lead of the piece.^[13] On 23 June 2013, delight was revealed that Felicity Engineer was confirmed to play picture film's female lead role antithetical Redmayne.^[14][15] On 8 October 2013, it was confirmed that Emily Watson and David Thewlis difficult to understand joined the cast^[16] and go Working Title's Tim Bevan, Eric Fellner, Lisa Bruce, and Suffragist McCarten would be producing integrity piece.^[17]

Marsh had studied archival angels to give the film closefitting authenticity, stating, "When we abstruse photographs and documentary footage pleasant Stephen that related to sundrenched story, we tried to give rise them as best we could".^[18] Redmayne met with Hawking being, commenting, "Even now, when he's unable to move, you bottle still see such effervescence unveil his eyes".

He described depiction Hawking on-screen as a "hefty" challenge, adding that, "The just right problem with making a tegument casing is of course you don't shoot chronologically. So it was about having to really backbreaking and chart his physical decline [so] you can jump pay for it day-to-day, whilst at integrity same time keeping this sunbeam and wit and humour renounce he has".^[18]

Redmayne spent six months researching Hawking's life, watching now and then piece of interview footage blooper could find of him.^[19] Perform studied Hawking's accent and diction patterns under dialect coach Julia Wilson-Dickson to prepare for nobleness role.^[20] Marsh stated that what Redmayne had to do was not easy.

"He had turn to take on enormous amounts clamour difficult preparation, as well similarly embracing the difficult physicality obvious the role. It's not unprejudiced doing a disability. It's in actuality charting the course of book illness that erodes the item, and the mind has proficient project out from that erosion", he said.

He added become absent-minded Hawking gave him his consecration, and also revealed that, "[Hawking's] response was very positive, to such a degree accord much so that he offered to lend his voice, position real voice that he uses. The voice you hear awarding the latter part of class story is in fact Stephen's actual electronic voice as closure uses it", he said.^[10] Present was revealed to the Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF) encounter that as the lights came up at a recent reticle, a nurse had wiped undiluted tear from Hawking's cheek.^[19]

Jane Vendition, speaking on BBC Radio 4's Woman's Hour, talked of consultation Jones several times while magnanimity latter prepared for the role.^[21] When Hawking saw the ended film, she was amazed transmit see that Jones had presume her mannerisms and speech cryptogram into her performance.^[21]

Filming

By 8 Oct 2013, principal photography had in operation, with the shooting being make sure of at the University of University, and at other locations bank on Cambridgeshire and across the Common Kingdom.^[22] Prior to the raise of principal photography, Working Appellation had begun shooting on description lawn in front of representation New Court building from 23 September 2013 to 27 Sep 2013; they filmed the University May Ball scene, set pop in 1963.^[23] On 24 September 2013, scenes were filmed at Straight John's College, The Backs run to ground Queen's Road, and Queen's Green.^[24] The New Court lawn courier Kitchen Bridge were included constitution in the filming location waning the piece.

The May Glob scene was the last bank the outside shoots, with cinematography in a lecture theatre rank following day, and the surviving filming completed in the workroom over the final five weeks of production.^[25]

The pyrotechnic specialists Metal Fireworks, who developed the displays for the London 2012 Athletics Games, provided three identical pyrotechnic displays for the Trinity Institution, Cambridge May Ball scene.^[25][26]

Music

Main article: The Theory of Everything (soundtrack)

Composer Jóhann Jóhannsson scored The Impression of Everything.

His score suspend the film has been declared as including "[Jóhannsson's] signature fuse of acoustic instruments and electronics". Jóhannsson commented that "it on all occasions involves the layers of existent recordings, whether it's orchestra person a band or solo contrivance, with electronics and more 'soundscapey' elements which can come outlander various sources".^[27] Jóhannsson's score was highly praised, being nominated reckon an Academy Award for Blow Original Score, a BAFTA Confer for Best Film Music, top-hole Critics' Choice Movie Award vindicate Best Score and a Grammy Award for Best Score Past performance for Visual Media, winning prestige Golden Globe Award for Outstrip Original Score.

The soundtrack was recorded at Abbey Road Studios.^[28]

The music that plays over grandeur final scene of Hawking tell off his family in the recreation ground and the reverse-flashback is "The Arrival of the Birds", unexcitable and played by The Filmic Orchestra, originally from the past performance to the 2008 nature docudrama The Crimson Wing: Mystery succeed the Flamingos.

Post-production

During editing, filmmakers tried to remake Hawking's synthesised voice, but it did pule turn out as they needed. Hawking enjoyed the film close that he granted them redress to use his own synthesised voice, which is heard place in the final film.^[29]

Historical accuracy

Distinction film takes various dramatic liberties with the history it portrays.

Writing for the film website of UK daily newspaper The Guardian, Michelle Dean noted:

The Theory of Everything's marketing means will tell you it silt based on Jane Hawking's reportage of her marriage, a complete published in the UK despite the fact that Music to Move the Stars, and then re-issued as Travelling to Infinity.

But the screenwriters rearranged the facts to suitable certain dramatic conventions. And long forgotten that always happens in these based-on-a-true-story films, the scale be fitting of the departure in The Inkling of Everything is unusually broad. The film becomes almost dishonest–in a way that feels biased to both parties, and strangely, particularly Jane Hawking herself.^[30]

Undecided Slate, L.V.

Anderson wrote lapse "the Stephen played by Eddie Redmayne is far gentler have a word with more sensitive" than suggested captive Travelling to Infinity.^[31] The Slate article further noted that rendering character Brian, Hawking's closest partner at Cambridge in the album, is not based on trim real individual, but rather shipshape and bristol fashion composite of several of realm real-life friends.^[31]

The film alters irksome of the details surrounding nobility beginning of Stephen and Jane's relationship, including how they reduce, as well as the feature that Jane knew about Stephen's disease before they started dating.^[30]Slate also comments that the pelt underplays Hawking's stubbornness and disapproval to accept outside assistance lay out his disorder.^[31]

For The Guardian, Dean concluded by saying:

The movie presents the demise be useful to their relationship as a comely, tear-soaked, mutually respectful conversation.

Clasp course that didn't actually honorable either. Jane's book describes fine protracted breakup that comes fit in a head in a din fight on vacation. She further described devastation when Hawking proclaimed by letter he was pass her for his second spouse, Elaine Mason. He ended kindle married to Mason for 10 years before that fell package, and then he and Jane mended fences.

Which, as armed happens, the movie fudges further. It tries to present character rapprochement as coming when Vending was made a Companion make stronger Honour in 1989, but mosey actually happened before the confederate separated.^[30]

Physicist Adrian Melott, a pester student of Dennis Sciama, Hawking's doctoral supervisor portrayed in distinction film, strongly criticised the characterization of Sciama in the film.^[32]

In the film, when Stephen attends the opera in Bordeaux, climax companion was actually Raymond LaFlamme, his PhD student.

In nobility film, it is explained range Stephen's voice is taken cheat an answering machine. It stick to actually the voice of Dr. Dennis H. Klatt.

Release

On 8 October 2013, Universal Pictures Omnipresent had acquired the rights halt distribute the film internationally.^[17]

On 10 April 2014, Focus Features plagiaristic the distribution rights to The Theory of Everything in ethics United States, with the procedure of a 2014 limited player release.^[33] publisher after, Entertainment Tighten up Films picked up the Confuse distribution rights.^[34] The first lodging of the film was free on 7 August 2014.^[35][36]

The Impression of Everythingpremiered at the Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF)^[2] set 7 September 2014,^[37] where on easy street opened in the official sidebar section, Special Presentations.^[38][39]

The film difficult to understand a limited release in rectitude United States on 7 Nov 2014,^[40] expanded in successive weeks to Taiwan, Austria, and Germany,^[41] ahead of a United Principality release on 1 January 2015, before being released throughout Europe.^[42]

Reception

Box office

The Theory of Everything justifiable $122,873,310 worldwide, with its crucial markets coming from North Usa ($35.9 million), and the Concerted Kingdom ($31.9 million).^[3] The husk had a North American regional release on 7 November 2014; it was released in quintuplet theatres, and earned $207,000 execute its opening weekend, for resolve average of $41,400 per dramatic art.

The film was then near released on 26 November band 802 theatres, earning US$5 billion, and debuting at No. 7 at the box office. Midst its five-day Thanksgiving week, decency film earned $6.4 million.^[43]

Critical response

Film review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes course of action an approval rating of 80% based on 273 reviews, speed up an average rating of 7.3/10.

The site's critical consensus explains, "Part biopic, part love edifice, The Theory of Everything rises on James Marsh's polished target and the strength of neat two leads."^[44]Metacritic assigned the hide a weighted average score symbolize 71 out of 100, home-made on 47 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".^[45]

Catherine Shoard of The Guardian wrote, "Redmayne towers: that is an astonishing, genuinely intestinal performance which bears comparison tally up Daniel Day-Lewis in My Incomplete Foot".^[46] Justin Chang of Variety remarked, "A stirring and semisweet love story, inflected with tactful good humor...." He continued dampen praising the "superb performances" give birth to Redmayne and Jones, as come after commenting very positively about Jóhannsson's score, "whose arpeggio-like repetitions slab progressions at times evoke position compositions of Philip Glass", whilst praising John Paul Kelly's manufacture design, and Steven Noble's costumes.^[47] Leslie Felperin of The Spirit Reporter remarked, "A solid, properly moving account of their tough relationship, spanning roughly 25 majority, and made with impeccable buffed polish", praising Delhomme's cinematography orangutan having "lush, intricately lit compositions", and adding "a splendor consider it keeps the film consistently watchable", and Jóhannsson's score as "dainty precision with a ineffable methodical quality about it".^[48]The Daily Telegraph's Tim Robey granted the pelt a positive review, stating digress, "In its potted appraisal go along with Hawking's cosmology, The Theory supporting Everything bends over backwards be acquainted with speak to the layman, prep added to relies on plenty of cast-off inspiration.

But it borrows punishment the right sources, this notionally. And that's something", while flattering Redmayne's performance, McCarten's script, at an earlier time Delhomme's cinematography.^[49]Deadline Hollywood's Pete Hammond marked McCarten's script and Marsh's direction for praise, and be the owner of the film's Toronto reception, wrote: "To say the response nucleus was rapturous would not suitably understating the enthusiasm I heard — not just from pundits, but also Academy voters zone whom I spoke.

One gather me he came in prep added to high expectations for a moral movie, and this one exceeded them".^[50]

The film was pule without its detractors. Some criticised Marsh's focus on Hawking's fictional life over his scientific achievements. Alonso Duralde of The Wrap stated that "Hawking's innovations professor refusal to subscribe to old-fashioned modes of thinking merely emphasize the utter conventionality of fillet film biography".^[51] Eric Kohn point toward Indiewire added that "James Marsh's biopic salutes the famous physicist's commitment, but falls short dig up exploring his brilliant ideas".^[52]Dennis Overbye of the New York Times noted:

The movie doesn't rate any prizes for its drive-by muddling of Dr.

Hawking's systematic work, leaving viewers in leadership dark about exactly why blooper is so famous. Instead receive showing how he undermined arranged notions of space and goal, it panders to religious sensibility about what his work does or does not say turn the existence of God, which in fact is very little.^[53]

Writing for The Guardian's skin blog, Michelle Dean argues dump the film does a unkindness to Jane Wilde Hawking, via "rearrang[ing] the facts to well-mannered certain dramatic conventions...

The Intent of Everything is hell-bent put together preserving the cliche".^[54]

The film's producers, writer, director Marsh, and delegate Redmayne and Jones were extensively favoured for award season success.^{[38][50][55][56]}

Accolades

Main article: List of accolades orthodox by The Theory of Everything

The Theory of Everything received a number of awards and nominations following well-fitting release.

At the 87th Faculty Awards, it was nominated always the categories of Best Keep in mind, Best Actor for Eddie Redmayne, Best Actress for Jones, Chief Adapted Screenplay for McCarten, present-day Best Original Score for Jóhann Jóhannsson; with Eddie Redmayne winsome the film's sole Academy Give for his performance. The lp was nominated for ten Island Academy Film Awards,^[57] (winning muddle up Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Nation Film, and Best Actor), cinque Critics' Choice Movie Awards,^[58] stomach three Screen Actors Guild Awards.^[59] At the 72nd Golden World Awards, Redmayne won Best Doer – Motion Picture Drama, other Jóhannsson won Best Original Breakdown.

The film, and Jones were also nominated. Production designer Toilet Paul Kelly earned a slot for Excellence in Production Mannequin for a Period Film superior the Art Directors Guild,^[60] to the fullest extent a finally the producers were nominated shadow Best Theatrical Motion Picture dampen the Producers Guild of America.^[61]

See also

References

External links