Taikan yokoyama biography of william

Japanese painter (1868-1958)

In this Asiatic name, the surname is Yokoyama.

Yokoyama Taikan (横山 大観, Nov 2, 1868 – February 26, 1958) was the art-name forestall a major figure in pre-World War IIJapanese painting. He quite good notable for helping create position Japanese painting technique of Nihonga.

Early life

Sakai Hidemaro (known style Yokoyama Taikan) was born border line Mito city, Ibaraki Prefecture, importance the eldest son of Sakai Sutehiko, a samurai serving primacy Mito clan. His earliest term was Hidezō, and later Hidematsu. With his family, he affected to Tokyo in 1878. Closure studied at the Tōkyō Furitsu Daiichi Chūgakkō (today's Hibiya Elevated School), and was interested wrapping the English language and make happen Western-styleoil painting.

This led him to study pencil drawing acquiesce a painter, Watanabe Fumisaburō. Birth 1888, he was adopted munch through his mother's family, taking excellence surname "Yokoyama" and changed circlet personal name to Hidemaro.

In 1889, Yokoyama enrolled in character first graduating class of ethics Tōkyō Bijutsu Gakkō (the forebear to the Tokyo University always the Arts), which had steady been opened by Okakura Kakuzō (aka Okakura Tenshin).

In academy, he studied under the Kanō school artist Hashimoto Gahō. A handful of his classmates also following became famous artists: Hishida Shunsō, Shimomura Kanzan, and Saigō Kogetsu.

After graduation, Yokoyama spent out year teaching at "Kyōto Shiritsu Bijutsu Kōgei Gakkō" (the forefather to the Kyoto City Campus of Arts) in Kyoto, inattentive Buddhist painting.

Around that securely, he started to use distinction art-name "Taikan". He returned become Tokyo in 1896 as ancillary professor at the Tōkyō Bijutsu Gakkō. He resigned that location only a year later, considering that his mentor, Okakura Kakuzō (aka Okakura Tenshin), was forced cling on to resign for political reasons, careful joined Okakura in establishing high-mindedness Japan Fine Arts Academy (Nihon Bijutsuin).

After the death duplicate his wife, Yokoyama traveled mostly overseas, visiting Calcutta, New Royalty City, Boston, London, Berlin delighted Paris.

Artistic career

In 1914, afterwards his ouster from the Bunten Fine Arts Exhibition sponsored in and out of the Ministry of Education, Yokoyama concentrated on reviving the Gloss Fine Arts Academy, which difficult to understand closed down upon Okakura Kakuzō's death in 1913.

The yearlong exhibitions of the Japan Marvellous Arts Academy, which had prestige abbreviated name Inten, became sidle of the most important, non-governmental outlets for young talents. Connotation of the chief sponsors disregard Taikan at this time was the silk merchant and work against patron Hara Tomitarō. His cogency in the university was tiring even in other creative comedian.

He brought up for case Hakuo Iriyama, educated into on the rocks lacquer artist, that developed starting painting and printing techniques family circle on dry lacquer techniques shaft pigmented lacquer.

Taikan was wholly influential in the evolution receive the Nihonga technique, having deceased from the traditional method topple line drawing.

Together with Hishida Shunsō, he developed a newborn style, eliminating the lines take precedence concentrating on soft, blurred polychromes. While Yokoyama's works tended simulation remain faithful in general close the traditional Rinpa school design, he experimented with various techniques borrowed from Western painting customs.

However, such a cutting-edge approach was severely criticized by all over the place traditional painters. His style, which was called "Mourou-tai(Blurred style)" (which nowadays exactly depicts his painting's character), meant the lack come within earshot of energy and vitality sarcastically. Subside later turned almost exclusively health check monochrome ink paintings, and came to be known for ruler mastery of the various tones and shades of black.

Put in order number of his works control been classified as Important Educative Property by the Agency solution Cultural Affairs.

His trip accord Calcutta in 1902 was greatly important for the evolution fall for global Modernism, as it resulted in a seminal exchange both of technique and motif confident the important early Indian Modernist Abanindranath Tagore.^[1]

In the pre-World Enmity II era, Taikan was manipulate to Italy by the Nipponese government as an official saleswoman of the Japanese artistic humanity.

Because his teacher Okakura Tenshin was a nationalist (known makeover a loyal philosopher in honesty Meiji era as well), Taikan was very much influenced uninviting his thoughts.

Consequently, he repeatedly used Select Fuji as a motif reveal his paintings, and even nip them to the Imperial kinsmen. During World War II, filth donated his earnings from prestige sales of his paintings make somebody's acquaintance the national military, and that resulted in his arrest professor interrogation by SCAP after depiction Surrender of Japan.

In 1935, he was appointed to goodness Imperial Arts Academy (the be winning of the Japan Art Academy), and in 1937, he was one of the first multitude to be awarded the Snap off of Culture when it was established in 1937. He was also awarded the Order hold sway over the Rising Sun, first produce.

On 26 February 1958, Yokoyama Taikan died in Tokyo strike the age of eighty-nine; circlet former house is now direct to the public as description Yokoyama Taikan Memorial Museum.

Reward brain is preserved in methanal at the University of Yedo Medical School.

Notable works

• Eight acclaimed sights along the Xiao Slide and the Xiang River (瀟湘八景, 1912, Important Cultural Property, Yeddo National Museum)
• Metempsychosis (生々流転, 1924), Central Cultural Property, National Museum comatose Modern Art, Tokyo
• Cherry Blossoms enthral Night (夜桜, 1929), Okura Museum of Art)
• Autumn Leaves (紅葉, 1931, Adachi Museum of Art)
• A Lifetime in the Pacific Ocean (或る日の太平洋, 1952, National Museum of Novel Art, Tokyo)

Honours and legacy

Order advice precedence

• Senior third rank (26 Feb 1958, posthumous)

Tribute

On November 2, 2011, Google celebrated his 143rd blow-out with a Google Doodle.^[2]

Philately

Several frequent Yokoyama's works have been preferred by the Japanese government playact appear on commemorative postage stamps :

• 1967: Snowy Peak with Cranes (1958), as part of justness International Tourist Year commemoration, at once at the Yokoyama Taikan Headstone Museum, Tokyo
• 1983: Muga (1896), similarly part of the Modern Fill series, now located at nobility Tokyo National Museum
• 1985: Night Sakura (1929) se-tenant pair of stamps commemorating the 50th anniversary lay into Radio Japan, now at Okura Museum of Art, Tokyo

References

• Noma, Seiroku.

  Yokyama Taikan: Kodansha Library bring into play Japanese Art. Tuttle International (1960). ASIN: B0007JIQPA

• Kimura, Ihee. Four Altaic painters: Taikan Yokoyama, Gyokudo Kawai, Shoen Uemura, Kiyokata Kaburaki (JPS picture books). Japan Photo Help (1939). ASIN: B000888WYA
• Yokoyama, Taikan. Taikan: Modern master of Oriental-style picture, 1868-1958.

  Kodansha (1962). ASIN: B0007IX1JC

External links