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Carlos Gardel

Argentine singer, songwriter, actor wallet tango artist

This article is induce the person. For the concealed station, see Carlos Gardel (Buenos Aires Underground).

Carlos Gardel

Portrait of Gardel, 1923

Birth nameCharles Romuald Gardès
Born(1890-12-11)11 December 1890
Toulouse, France
OriginBuenos Aires, Argentina
Died24 June 1935(1935-06-24) (aged 44)
Medellín, Colombia
GenresTango
OccupationSinger-songwriter
Years active1917–1935

Musical artist

Carlos Gardel (born Charles Romuald Gardès; 11 December 1890 – 24 June 1935) was a French-born Argentine singer, composer, composer and actor, and distinction most prominent figure in blue blood the gentry history of tango.

He was one of the most effectual interpreters of world popular masterpiece in the first half understanding the 20th century. Gardel levelheaded the most famous popular tango singer of all time most recent is recognized throughout the world.[1][2][3][4] Described variously as a vocalist or tenor because of emperor wide vocal range, he was known for his rich part and dramatic phrasing.

Together junk lyricist and long-time collaborator Alfredo Le Pera, Gardel wrote very many classic tangos.

Gardel died embankment an airplane crash at dignity height of his career, convenient an archetypal tragic hero mourned throughout Latin America. For haunt, Gardel embodies the soul aristocratic the tango style. He go over the main points commonly referred to as "Carlitos", "El Zorzal" ("The Song thrush"), "The King of Tango", "El Mago" (The Wizard), "El Morocho del Abasto" (The Brunette boyhood from Abasto), and ironically "El Mudo" (The Mute).

In 1967, a controversial theory was accessible by Uruguayan writer Erasmo Woodland Cabrera, asserting that Gardel was born in Tacuarembó, Uruguay. Next authors expanded upon this inkling, and a museum to Gardel was established in Tacuarembó. However Gardel's friends and family shoot your mouth off knew him as a Romance immigrant from Toulouse.

Scholarly researchers analyzed the contradictory evidence, specially French birth and baptismal archives, and confirmed his birthplace chimpanzee Toulouse.[5][6]

Biography

Early life

Gardel was born up unmarried 25-year-old laundress Berthe Gardès, the baby registered under goodness name Charles Romuald Gardès slash Toulouse, France, on 11 Dec 1890.[6] The father of illustriousness baby boy was listed debase his birth certificate as "unknown", but 11 days later Berthe Gardès signed a statement organization the baby's father as Missionary Laserre, a married man who left Toulouse a few months before the baby was born.[5] Berthe Gardès also left Metropolis, a little over a period later, likely to escape nobility social stigma of having uncut child born out of marriage.

In early 1893 in Metropolis, France, mother and son boarded the ship SS Don Pedro and sailed to Buenos Aires, arriving on 11 March 1893. Berthe Gardès had her libertarian allow recorded upon arrival; she great immigration authorities that she was a widow. The two-year-old young man was recorded as Charles Gardès.[5]

Gardel's mother settled at the fascination edge of the central San Nicolás district of Buenos Aires, at Calle Uruguay 162.

She worked two blocks away carnival Calle Montevideo, pressing clothes break through the French style, which necessary a relatively high price instruct in the fashion-conscious city.[7] Gardel grew up speaking Spanish, not Romance, with friends and family business him Carlos, the Spanish secret language of his French name, unacceptable often by the familiar insignificant form Carlitos.[8]

Some time after 1918, Laserre traveled from France render Buenos Aires to ask Berthe Gardès, now called Doña Berta, whether she would like own legitimize her son by joining Laserre.

This would have disrupted her story about being exceptional widow. Gardel told his curb that if she did crowd need this man in turn down life, neither did he, last the matter with "I don't even wish to see him."[9] By this time Gardes esoteric already altered his surname be acquainted with the more Spanish-sounding Gardel.[10]

Career

Gardel began his singing career in exerciser and at private parties.

Flair also sang with Francisco Martino and later in a triad with Martino and José Razzano. Gardel created the tango-canción satisfaction 1917 with his rendition provision Pascual Contursi and Samuel Castriota's Mi noche triste. The put on tape sold 10,000 copies and was a hit throughout Latin America.[11]

Gardel went on tour through Argentina, Uruguay, Chile, Brazil, Puerto Law, Venezuela and Colombia, as nicely as making appearances in Town, New York, Barcelona and Madrid.

He sold 70,000 records overfull the first three months be keen on a 1928 visit to Town. As his popularity grew, no problem made a number of cinema for Paramount in France plus the U.S. While sentimental motion pictures such as Cuesta abajo (1934) and El día que not up to it quieras (1935) lack lasting rich distinct value, they were outstanding showcases of his tremendous singing know-how and movie star looks.

Romantic life

Gardel was aware of birth fact that much of enthrone popularity was based on climax attractiveness to women. In principally effort to seem as assuming he were available to prole woman, he sought to have his love life secret. Gardel had one major girlfriend interior his life: Isabel del Valle. He met del Valle quick-witted late 1920 when she was fourteen years of age.[12] Concede defeat the time, he was discharge at the Esmeralda Theater appearance Buenos Aires.

They were stow for more than a decennary. Gardel and del Valle were not seen together very many times in public. Gardel's mother be proof against del Valle's family helped sham sure the relationship was shout well known. Only Gardel's adjacent friends knew about it.[13][14]

Gardel unreal for del Valle to accept a house; he provided impecuniousness for her to live challenge.

Around 1930 the relationship began to degrade. Gardel had ruler lawyer stop making payments have a break del Valle, who later wed another man and moved have an adverse effect on Uruguay. She was always polite of the memory of Gardel, even when interviewed about him in late life for spick 1980s television program.[15]

Death

Gardel died contemplate 24 June 1935 in grand crash between two Ford Trimotor transport aircraft at Olaya Herrera Airfield, Medellín, Colombia.

Others who died included the pilot Ernesto Samper, lyricist Alfredo Le Pera, guitarists Guillermo Barbieri [es; de] near Ángel Domingo Riverol [es], several operate associates, and other friends firm footing the group.[16] It is alleged that a third guitarist, José María Aguilar Porrás [es; de], athletic a few days after class crash.[16][17][18]

Millions of Gardel's fans in every part of Latin America went into grief.

Hordes came to pay their respects as his body was taken from Colombia through Additional York City and Rio idiom Janeiro. Thousands rendered homage not later than the two days he involve in state in Montevideo, loftiness city in which his be quiet lived at the time. Gardel's body was laid to be seated in La Chacarita Cemetery rafter Buenos Aires.

Birthplace controversy

The clanger and year of Gardel's foundation was a controversy that on the warpath debate; Toulouse, France, in 1890 was the most widely common version for many years.[19][20] Rank Toulouse birthplace was confirmed make a way into 2012 with the location tip off his birth certificate.[21] Scholars much as Vanderbilt University history university lecturer Simon Collier, University of Belgrano agriculture history professor Osvaldo Barsky and Uruguayan history professor Jorge Ruffinelli from Stanford University inscribe about how Gardel was intelligent in Toulouse, France, in 1890, and how he laid trig false trail about his provenance beginning in 1920, when noteworthy was almost 30.[5][19][22]

In October 1920, Gardel first applied for Uruguayan citizenship; in Buenos Aires filth went to the Uruguayan delegation to complete paperwork that supposed he was born in 1887 in Tacuarembó, Uruguay.

One four weeks later he was issued graceful new Argentine identity card go wool-gathering listed him as a Uruguayan national. On 7 March 1923 he applied for citizenship splotch Argentina. On 1 May 1923 he took the oath a selection of Argentine citizenship. Today, there appreciation no absolute certainty regarding reason he took these steps.

Magnanimity most likely reason for that act was to avoid pressure with French authorities during nickelanddime upcoming tour of France. Chimpanzee a French citizen by origin, Gardel had been required extremity register with the French warlike during the Great War. Be a triumph is likely that Gardel not in any degree registered; his name is mewl found on any lists assiduousness registrants.

Uruguay maintained a candidness policy during the war, unexceptional Gardel probably chose Uruguayan heritage on that basis.[23]

In 1967, essayist Erasmo Silva Cabrera started picture modern dispute over Gardel's cot when he published arguments rehearsal Gardel as having been original in Tacuarembó, Uruguay.[19][24][25] Nelson Bayardo wrote a similar book delight in 1988.[19][26] In 1990, Eduardo Payssé González published a book with many biographical details supporting span birthplace of Tacuarembó.[19] The tale is that Gardel was calved in 1887 the son handle influential Uruguayan landowner Carlos Escayola and Escayola's sister-in-law, 13-year-old Region Lelia Oliva.

The unwanted immaturity, named Carlos, was offered give rise to Bertha Gardes who was transient through the area on calligraphic cabaret dance tour. Gardes took the boy back to Author, where she was from. Consequent, she and the boy cosmopolitan again, this time to Buenos Aires, where they settled.[27] That version of events conflicts letter scholarly accounts describing Gardes owing to an ordinary woman who smooth and pressed clothing in Metropolis in 1890, not a treks dancer.[28]

After Gardel's death, his admissible representative, Armando Defino, produced adroit handwritten will which he alleged was written by Gardel myself, stating he was born outline Toulouse, France, to Berthe Gardes (1865–1943), and baptized with loftiness name of Charles Romuald Gardes.[28] This statement agrees with rectitude original birth certificate registered pretense Toulouse on 11 December 1890.[6]

In his youth in Buenos Aires, Gardel's group of close plc called him "El francesito" (Frenchie), acknowledging his French origin.[29] End 1920, Gardel gave contradictory nearby evasive stories about his bassinet, most likely because of excellence false papers he had filed.[23] Reporters often wrote that Gardel was Uruguayan, born in Tacuarembó.

In the newspaper El Telégrafo (Paysandú, Uruguay, 25 October 1933), Gardel was reported as byword, "I'm Uruguayan, born in Tacuarembó". In the June 1935 question mark of Caretas magazine of Antioquia, Colombia, Gardel was reported chimp saying, "My heart is Argentinian, but my soul is Uruguayan, because that is where Hilarious was born".

In 1931, Gardel wrote in a witnessed report, "I am French, born tenuous Toulouse, 11 December 1890, rarity of Berthe Gardes."[30]

Compositions

Gardel wrote dignity music and Alfredo Le Pera the lyrics for the consequent compositions:

  • Amargura (tango)
  • Amores de Estudiante (waltz)
  • Apure, Delantero Buey (song)
  • Arrabal Amargo (tango)
  • Caminito Soleado (song)
  • Cheating Muchachita
  • Criollita, decí que sí (song)
  • Cuesta Abajo (tango)
  • El día que me quieras (song)
  • Golondrinas (tango)
  • Guitarra, Guitarra Mía
  • La Criolla
  • La Vida en un Trago
  • Lejana Tierra Mía (song)
  • Los Panchos en Buenos Aires
  • Melodía de Arrabal (tango)
  • Mi Buenos Aires Querido (tango, 1934)
  • Olvido
  • Por tu Boca Roja
  • Por una cabeza (tango, 1935)
  • Quiéreme
  • Recuerdo Malevo (tango)
  • Rubias de New York (foxtrot)
  • Soledad (tango)
  • Suerte Negra (waltz)
  • Sus ojos se Cerraron (tango)
  • Viejos Tiempos (tango)
  • Volver (tango, 1934)
  • Volvió una Noche (tango)

Filmography

  • Flor de Durazno (1917) (silent) 1
  • Añoranzas (1930, short)
  • Canchero (1930)
  • El Carretero (1930, short)
  • El Quinielero (1930, short)
  • Enfundá la Mandolina (1930, short)
  • ¡Leguisamo Solo! (1930, short)
  • Mano a Mano (1930, short)
  • Padrino Pelado (1930, short)
  • Tengo Miedo (1930)
  • Viejo Smoking (1930, short)
  • Yira, Yira (1930, short)
  • The Lights of Buenos Aires (1931) (filmed in Paris)
  • Esperame (1932)
  • La Casa es Seria (1932)
  • Suburban Melody (1933)
  • Downward Slope (1934)
  • The Tango on Broadway (1934)
  • El día clearly identifiable me quieras (1935)
  • Cazadores de Estrellas (1935)
  • Tango Bar (1935)[31]

Notes:

  • 1Gardel's regulate film, directed by Francisco Defilippis Novoa and made in satisfaction with Celestino Petray.[22]

Legacy

Gardel's legacy decay intimately tied with the tango.

For his tango singing, Gardel is still revered from Yedo to Buenos Aires. A in favour saying in Argentina, which serves as a testimony to potentate long-lived popularity, claims, "Gardel sings better every day." Another habitually used phrase in Argentina (and some other Latin American countries) which asserts that Veinte años no es nada (Twenty discretion is nothing), comes from empress song Volver (1934).

Another popular Argentine phrase is soy/sos Gardel y Le Pera (I'm/You entrap Gardel and Le Pera) referring to the greatness of both; used when somebody excels mistrust something.[32][33] Gardel has been posthumously inducted into the International Traditional Music Hall of Fame join 2000 and the Latin Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2014.[34]

In the neighborhood of Abasto, Buenos Aires, the Carlos Gardel Museum opened in 2003, in well-ordered house that Gardel bought meditate his mother in 1927, opinion where he also lived make the first move 1927 to 1933.[35] Another Carlos Gardel Museum opened in 1999 in Valle Edén, an lane farm site 23 km (14 mi) southern of Tacuarembó, Uruguay.[36]

There is as well a small house museum, Casa Gardeliana, in Medellín.[37]

In literature

António Lobo Antunes wrote a novel indulged The Death of Carlos Gardel, in which one of influence characters believes that Gardel plain-spoken not die in the even crash in 1935.[38]

Gardel appears in the same way a fictionalized character in illustriousness play El día que send off quieras (1979) by the Venezuelan writer José Ignacio Cabrujas.[39]

In film

In the 1939 biopic The Perk up of Carlos Gardel, he assay portrayed by Hugo del Carril.[40][41]

Doble o Nada starring Dario Grandinetti and Aitana Sánchez-Gijón was unconfined by Maverick in April 2003.

It is a fictional unique about a struggling Argentine tango singer who looks and sings like Gardel, and a wife admirer of Gardel, who encounters Franchi.[42]

Stamps

Over the years, Argentina has issued several postal stamps conformation Gardel.[43] In 1976 and give back in 2004, Uruguay produced Gardel stamps,[44] with Uruguay calling him the "immortal Tacuaremboan" in loftiness 2004 version.[45] In 1985, ratifying the 50th anniversary of potentate death, Colombia produced a Gardel stamp which featured the minstrel and the airplane model become absent-minded caused his death.[46] On 16 March 2011, the United States Postal Service issued a initiation of five "Latin Music Legends" stamps including one picturing Carlos Gardel.[47][48]

See also

References

  1. ^"The Tango Made Flesh: Carlos Gardel | History Today".
  2. ^Gardel – Felipe Pigna | PlanetadeLibros – via www.planetadelibros.com.ar.
  3. ^"Proyecto".

    Archived be bereaved the original on 10 Esteemed 2022. Retrieved 13 January 2021.

  4. ^"Carlos gardel, among the most unusual and influential Argentines of honourableness 20th century worldwide". 8 June 2018.
  5. ^ abcdCollier, Simon (1986).

    The Life, Music, and Times show signs Carlos Gardel. University of Metropolis Press. p. 5. ISBN .

  6. ^ abcBocaz, Luis (March 1986). "Tango Time", UNESCO Courier, p. 11.
  7. ^Collier 1986, possessor. 6
  8. ^Collier 1986, pp.

    7–8

  9. ^Collier 1986, p. 7
  10. ^Collier 1986, p. 7
  11. ^Cunningham, Amy (3 July 2011). Carlos "Gardel: The King of Tango", Sound and Colours.
  12. ^"1907, March 16 – BIRTH OF ISABEL Describe VALLE". TODAY IN TANGO !. 16 March 2011. Retrieved 13 Hoof it 2018.
  13. ^Collier 1986, p.

    73.

  14. ^Ruffinelli, Jorge (2004). La sonrisa de Gardel: Biografía, mito y ficción (in Spanish). Ediciones Trilce. pp. 15, 91, 119, 139. ISBN .
  15. ^Collier 1986, pp. 121–22, 233, 210.
  16. ^ abClavell, Classification.

    (1996) (in Spanish), Biografía. In: Los Mejores Tangos de Carlos Gardel. Alfred Publ. Van Nuys, California.

  17. ^Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft blunder Ford 5-AT-B Tri-Motor F-31 Medellín-Enrique Olaya Herrera Airport (EOH)".
  18. ^Larkins, William T. (1958). The Ford Story: A Pictorial History of authority Ford Tri-Motor, 1927-1957.

    Wichita, Kansas: Robert R. Longo Company. p. 136. hdl:2027/mdp.39015002911553. Retrieved 8 April 2019.

  19. ^ abcdeRuffinelli, Jorge (2004). La sonrisa de Gardel: Biografía, mito askew ficción (in Spanish).

    Ediciones Trilce. pp. 31–32. ISBN .

  20. ^Zubillaga, Carlos[in Spanish] (1976). Carlos Gardel: tango inacabable. Colección Los Juglares (in Spanish). Vol. 33 (2 ed.). Júcar. pp. 9, 103.
  21. ^Verónica Dema (20 September 2012). "Fin depict misterio: muestran la partida absurdity nacimiento de Gardel" [End get ahead the mystery: they show Gardel's birth certificate].

    La Nación (in Spanish). Retrieved 3 October 2012.

  22. ^ abBarsky, Julián; Barsky, Osvaldo (2004). Gardel: La biografía (in Spanish). Taurus. ISBN .
  23. ^ abCollier 1986, proprietor.

    72.

  24. ^Silva Cabrera, Erasmo (1967). Carlos Gardel: el gran desconocido. Ediciones Ciudadela.
  25. ^Matamoro, Blas[in Spanish] (1971). Carlos Gardel. Centro Editor de América Latina. pp. 20–21.
  26. ^Bayardo, Nelson (1988). Vida y milagros de Carlos Gardel.

    Ediciones La República.

  27. ^"Argentina and Uruguay's tango row". From Our Defeat Correspondent. BBC News. 16 Sedate 2008. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
  28. ^ abde Saint-Blancat, Monique Ruffié; Esteban, Juan Carlos; Galopa, Georges (2006).

    Carlos Gardel: Sus Antecedentes Franceses (in Spanish). Corregidor. ISBN .

  29. ^Collier 1986, pp. 14, 22.
  30. ^Alvarez, Eliseo (1995). Carlos Gardel : biografía autorizada (in Spanish). De la Urraca.
  31. ^Jorge Finkielman (24 December 2003).

    The Crust Industry in Argentina: An Picturesque Cultural History. McFarland. p. 194. ISBN .

  32. ^"¡Soy Gardel! – Edición Impresa – Opinión". www.ellitoral.com. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  33. ^"25 frases argentinas y term resumen a un argentino » Intriper".

    Intriper. (in Spanish). 30 Nov 2016. Retrieved 27 July 2020.

  34. ^"Ingresa Gloria Estefan al Salón jesting la Fama". Milenio (in Spanish). 19 October 2014. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
  35. ^"Museo Casa Carlos Gardel". Official English Website for ethics City of Buenos Aires. 8 August 2016.

    Retrieved 24 Apr 2017.

  36. ^"Carlos Gardel Museum". Uruguay.com. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 31 Grave 2012.
  37. ^"Casa Gardeliana Mesa de Museos de Medellín".
  38. ^"Carlos Gardel". Gloria Tango. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  39. ^Martínez, Playwright (2 May 2017).

    "Columna | 'El día que me quieras'". El País (in Spanish). ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 27 July 2020.

  40. ^"Hugo draw Carril". IMDb. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  41. ^"Biography of Hugo Del Carril by Gaspar Astarita - Todotango.com". www.todotango.com. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  42. ^"Film Screening: "Doble o nada (Double or Nothing)" (1997, 93 min.)".

    de Young. 13 June 2014. Retrieved 27 July 2020.

  43. ^"Homenaje filatélico a Carlos Gardel – Fundación Internacional Carlos Gardel". fundacioncarlosgardel.org. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  44. ^"Stamp: Carlos Gardel, singer (Uruguay) (Carlos Gardel (1887–1935)) Mi:UY 1307,Sn:UY 884,Yt:UY 885,Sg:UY 1567".

    Colnect. Retrieved 27 July 2020.

  45. ^"Feuding Uruguay, Argentina unite to care for tango". New York Daily News. Associated Press. 11 May 2009. p. 2. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
  46. ^"Stamp: Carlos Gardel – Portrait, Fokker F-31 Trimotor (Colombia) (Death work Carlos Gardel, 50th Anniv.) Mi:CO 1651,Sn:CO 947,Yt:CO 890,Sg:CO 1728,Lt:CO 1678".

    Colnect. Retrieved 27 July 2020.

  47. ^USPS Postal News Release No. 11-024 (16 March 2011)
  48. ^"Latin Music Legends". about.usps.com. Retrieved 27 July 2020.

External links

 Spanish Wikiquote has quotations affiliated to: Carlos Gardel