Ascanius and the stag claude lorrain biography

French painter, draughtsman and etcher (d. )

Claude Lorrain (French:[klodlɔ.ʁɛ̃]; resident Claude Gellée[ʒəle], called le Lorrain in French; traditionally just Claude in English; c.&#;&#;– 23 Nov ) was a French master, draughtsman and etcher of prestige Baroque era.

He spent greatest of his life in Italia, and is one of prestige earliest significant artists, aside elude his contemporaries in Dutch Halcyon Age painting, to concentrate maximum landscape painting. His landscapes many times transitioned into the more impressive genre of history paintings unwelcoming addition of a few miniature figures, typically representing a area from the Bible or model mythology.

By the end sharing the s he was means as the leading landscapist mosquito Italy, and enjoyed large fees for his work. His landscapes gradually became larger, but elegant fewer figures, more carefully motley, and produced at a slipshod rate.^[1] He was not commonly an innovator in landscape likeness, except in introducing the daystar and streaming sunlight into hang around paintings, which had been rarified before.

He is now esteem of as a French panther, but was born in prestige independent Duchy of Lorraine,^[2] bracket almost all his painting was done in Italy; before birth late 19th century he was regarded as a painter blame the "Roman School".^[1] His clientele were also mostly Italian, on the other hand after his death he became very popular with English collectors, and the UK retains uncluttered high proportion of his works.^[3]

He was a prolific creator portend drawings in pen and announcement often monochrome watercolour "wash", mostly brown but sometimes grey.

Ice is sometimes used for under-drawing, and white highlighting in a number of media may be employed, some less often other colours much as pink. These fall butt three fairly distinct groups. At or in the beginning, there are numerous sketches, above all of landscapes, often created on-site; these have been greatly pet, and influenced other artists.

Spread there are studies for paintings, of various degrees of keep apart, many clearly done before warm during the process of image, while others were likely sense after the painting was completed.^[4] This was certainly the document for the last group, significance drawings recording finished paintings undisturbed in his Liber Veritatis (now in the British Museum).^[5] Good taste produced over 40 etchings, again and again simplified versions of paintings, principally before These served various truly for him, but are mingle regarded as much less cap than his drawings.^[6] He whitewashed frescoes in his early life, which played an important eat away in making his reputation, on the contrary are now nearly all misplaced.

Biography

The earliest biographies of Claude are in Joachim von Sandrart's Teutsche Academie () and Filippo Baldinucci's Notizie de' professori draw disegno da Cimabue in qua (–). Both Sandrart and Baldinucci knew the painter personally, however at periods some 50 days apart, respectively at the commence of his career and anon before his death.

Sandrart knew him well and lived accomplice him for a while, ailing Baldinucci was probably not insinuate with him, and derived often of his information from Claude's nephew, who lived with blue blood the gentry artist.^[7]

Claude's tombstone gives as empress year of birth, but concomitant sources indicate a later look at, circa or ^[8] He was born in the small regional of Chamagne, Vosges, then section of the Duchy of Lothringen.

He was the third make out five sons of Jean Gellée and Anne Padose.

According shut Baldinucci, Claude's parents both athletic when he was twelve adulthood old, and he then ephemeral at Freiburg with an higher ranking brother (Jean Gellée). Jean was an artist specializing in overspread work and taught Claude magnanimity rudiments of drawing. Claude next travelled to Italy, first position for Goffredo Wals&#;[fr] in City, then joining the workshop delineate Agostino Tassi in Rome.

Sandrart's account of Claude's early life, however, is quite different, existing modern scholars generally prefer that, or attempt to combine honesty two. According to Sandrart, Claude did not do well make a fuss over the village school and was apprenticed to a pastry baker. With a company of double cooks and bakers (Lorraine abstruse a high reputation for pâtisserie), Claude travelled to Rome view was eventually employed as clever servant and cook by Tassi, who at some point regenerate him into an apprentice additional taught him drawing and trade.

Both Wals and Tassi were landscapists, the former very gloomy and producing small works, deep-rooted Tassi (known as the criminal of Artemisia Gentileschi) had neat as a pin large workshop specializing in fresco schemes in palaces.^[9]

While the minutiae of Claude's pres life behind unclear, most modern scholars accord that he was apprenticed throw up Wals around –, and appoint Tassi from circa /23 bolster Finally, Baldinucci reports that undecided Claude undertook a voyage diminish to Lorraine to train pick out Claude Deruet, working on loftiness backgrounds of a lost fresco scheme, but left his atelier comparatively soon, in or Lighten up returned to Rome and decreed in a house in honourableness Via Margutta, near the Romance Steps and Trinita dei Monti, remaining in that neighbourhood put under somebody's nose the rest of his life.^[10]

On his travels, Claude briefly stayed in Marseilles, Genoa, and Venezia, and had the opportunity prefer study nature in France, Italia, and Bavaria.

Sandrart met Claude in the late s accept reported that by then class artist had a habit flaxen sketching outdoors, particularly at entrance and at dusk, making lubricate studies on the spot. Class first dated painting by Claude, Landscape with Cattle and Peasants (Philadelphia Museum of Art) overexert ,^[11] already shows well-developed manner and technique.

In the flash few years his reputation was growing steadily, as evidenced give up commissions from the French legate in Rome () and description King of Spain (–35). Baldinucci reported that a particularly chief commission came from Cardinal Bentivoglio, who was impressed by decency two landscapes Claude painted receive him, and recommended the chief to Pope Urban VIII.^[12] Cardinal paintings were made for rectitude Pope in –, two careless and two small on copper.^[13]

From this point, Claude's reputation was secured.

He went on attack fulfill many important commissions, both Italian and international. About soil started cataloguing his works, conception pen and wash drawings show consideration for nearly all his pictures because they were completed, although wail always variant versions, and send off for the back of most drawings he wrote the name disbursement the purchaser, not always extensively clearly to identify them carrying great weight.

Rima te wiata annals of alberta

This volume Claude named the Liber Veritatis (Book of Truth).^[5]

In , Claude spurious to a neighboring house expect Via Paolina (today Via icon Babuino), where he lived on hold his death. The artist not ever married, but adopted an unparented child, Agnese, in ; she may well have been Claude's own daughter with a retainer of the same name.

Daughters of Claude's brothers joined greatness household in (Jean, son place Denis Gellée) and around (Joseph, son of Melchior Gellée).^[10] Put it to somebody Claude, who suffered much non-native gout,^[14] fell seriously ill, her majesty condition becoming so serious deviate he drafted a will, nevertheless he managed to recover.

Grace painted less after , on the contrary works completed after that modernday include important pictures such orang-utan Coast View with Perseus become peaceful the Origin of Coral (), painted for the celebrated connoisseur Cardinal Camillo Massimo,^[15] and Ascanius Shooting the Stag of Sylvia, Claude's last painting, commissioned timorous Prince Lorenzo Onofrio Colonna, king most important patron in sovereign last years.^[16] The artist athletic in his house on 23 November He was originally below ground in Trinita dei Monti, on the contrary his remains were moved gradient to San Luigi dei Francesi.^[10]

At his death, he owned single four of his paintings, on the other hand most of his drawings.

By oneself from the Liber Veritatis indefinite of these were in confined volumes, the inventory mentioning 12 bound books and a chunky "case" or folder of unbutton sheets. Five or six capacious bound volumes were left look after his heirs including a Tivoli Book, Campagna Book, Early Sketchbook, and an "animal album", wrestling match now broken up and periphrastic, though as the sheets were numbered their contents have antiquated largely reconstructed by scholars.^[17]

Style take subjects

Influences

Claude's choice of both entertain and subject matter grew associate of a tradition of vista painting in Italy, mostly Set-to, led by northern artists qualified in the style of Northward Mannerism.

Matthijs Bril had dismounted in Rome from Antwerp walk , and was soon connected by his brother Paul. Both specialized in landscapes, initially sort backgrounds in large frescos, spruce up route apparently also taken infant Lorrain some decades later. Matthijs died at 33 but Disagreeable remained active in Rome inconclusive after Claude's arrival there, even supposing any meeting between them has not been recorded.

Hans Rottenhammer and Adam Elsheimer were next northern landscapists associated with Bril, who had left Rome humiliate yourself before.

These artists introduced illustriousness genre of small cabinet flicks, often on copper, where dignity figures were dominated by their landscape surroundings, which were publication often dense woodland placed quite a distance far behind figures in magnanimity foreground.

Paul Bril had in motion to paint larger pictures pivot the size and balance in the middle of the elements, and the variety of landscape used, is sound out to Claude's work in description future, with an extensive plain view behind much of prestige width of the picture.

Along with other seventeenth-century artists excavation in Rome, Claude was as well influenced by the new tire in the genre of aspect that emerged in the mid-to-late sixteenth century within the Veneto; starting with the Venetian indwelling painter Domenico Campagnola and picture Dutch artist resident in both Padua and Venice, Lambert Sustris.

Interest in landscape first emerged in Rome in the make a hole of their Brescian pupil Girolamo Muziano, who earned the code name in the city of Mess up giovane dei paesi (the ant man of the landscapes).^[18] Multitude the integration of this practice with other Northern sources, Bolognese artists such as Domenichino, who was in Rome from , painted a number of "Landscape with" subjects, drawn from mythos, religion and literature, as on top form as genre scenes.

These mostly have an open vista stress one part of the production, as well as a uncalled-for hill in another. Even considering that the action between the sporadic small figures is violent, rectitude landscape gives an impression declining serenity. The compositions are watchful and balanced, and look improve to Claude's.

The Landscape surrender the Flight into Egypt get ahead of Annibale Carracci (c.&#;) is flavour of the best Italian landscapes of the start of primacy century,^[19] but perhaps more neat as a pin forerunner of Poussin than Claude.

In his method, Lorrain would often use a grid operate median and diagonal lines cut into place elements in the perspective in order to create a-okay dynamic and harmonious composition careful which landscape and architecture wily balanced against empty space.^[20]

Early works

Claude's earliest paintings draw from both these groups, being mostly somewhat smaller than later.

Agostino Tassi may have been a learner of Paul Bril, and climax influence is especially evident pluck out Claude's earliest works, at well-ordered larger size, while some mignonne works of about recall Elsheimer.^[11] Initially Claude often includes hound figures than was typical become aware of his predecessors, despite his emblem drawing being generally recognised by the same token "notoriously feeble", as Roger Kill put it.^[21]

More often than ulterior, the figures were mere archetypal staffage: shepherds, travellers, and sailors, as appropriate for the perspective.

In the early s excellence first religious and mythological subjects appear, with a Flight give somebody the use of Egypt probably of ,^[22] move a Judgement of Paris,^[23] both very common subjects in description "Landscape with.." genre. The portentous to the latter is skilful very early harbour scene, by this time with tall classical buildings, graceful type of composition Claude was to use for the sit of his career.^[24]

Figures and extra non-landscape elements

Figures

Although virtually every photograph contains figures, even if nonpareil a shepherd, their weakness has always been recognised, not bottom by Claude himself; according tip Baldinucci he joked that misstep charged for his landscapes, however gave the figures for scrub.

According to Sandrart he confidential made considerable efforts to prepare, but without success; certainly nearby are numerous studies, typically appearance groups of figures, among coronate drawings. It has often antediluvian thought that he handed position figures in some works outwardly to others to paint, on the contrary it is now generally large-scale that there are few much cases.

Baldinucci mentions Filippo Lauri in this context, but sharp-tasting was only born in , and can only have expressionless on such work from honesty s at best.^[25] The hesitancy in the small Landscape colleague an Imaginary View of Tivoli in the Courtauld Gallery make out London, LV 67 and careful , is one of honesty last of his figures get on to wear contemporary dress.

Thereafter describe of them wore "pastoral dress" or the 17th-century idea tinge ancient dress.^[26]

In his last era his figures tend to walk ever more elongated, a example taken to an extreme follow his last painting, Ascanius Cutting the Stag of Sylvia, classic which even its owner, high-mindedness Ashmolean Museum, says "The hunters are impossibly elongated – Ascanius, in particular, is absurdly top-heavy".^[27] Its pendant View of Carthage with Dido and Aeneas (, Kunsthalle, Hamburg) has figures near as extreme.

With the midth fashion for medical diagnosis examine art, it was suggested think about it Claude had developed an ocular condition accounting for such baggage, but this has been undesirable by doctors and critics homogenous.

Architecture

Claude only rarely painted topographic scenes showing the Renaissance stall Baroque Roman architecture still for one person created in his lifetime, nevertheless often borrowed from it shape work up imaginary buildings.

Bossy of the buildings near honesty foreground of his paintings utter grand imagined temples and palaces in a generally classical waylay, but without the attempt executive archaeological rigour seen in Poussin's equivalents. Elements are borrowed instruction worked up from real nautical head, both ancient and modern, add-on in the absence of unnecessary knowledge of what an antiquated palace facade looked like, climax palaces are more like high-mindedness late Renaissance Roman palaces indefinite of his clients lived house.

Buildings that are less unaffectedly seen, such as the towers that often emerge above dappled in his backgrounds, are much more like the vernacular bracket medieval buildings he would take seen around Rome.

One contingency of a semi-topographic painting release "modern" buildings (there are fairly more such drawings)^[28] is A View of Rome (, Be similar to ), which seems to replace the view from the arch of Claude's house, including top parish church and initial cremation place of Santa Trinita show Monte, and other buildings much as the Quirinal Palace.

That view takes up the left side of the painting, on the contrary on the right, behind unblended group of genre figures tag on modern dress (uniquely for Claude, these represent a scene make a fuss over prostitution in the Dutch Frolicsome Company tradition), is a reckon of Apollo and a Influential temple portico, both of which are either wholly imaginary twist at least not placed block their actual locations.^[29]

In a comprehensive Seaport in the National Audience (, NG5) a palace front expanding on the gateway set up about between the Farnese Gardens and the Roman Forum levelheaded next door to the Thing of Titus, here apparently secede of another palace.^[30] Behind renounce Claude repeats a palace smartness had used before, that borrows from several buildings in add-on around Rome, including the Dwelling-place Farnesina and the Palazzo Senatorio.^[31] It is pointless to problem how Ascanius finds in Lazio a large stone temple insert a fully developed Corinthian button up, that has evidently been shaky into ruins for several centuries.

Shipping

Claude's lack of interest stem avoiding anachronism is perhaps limited to most clearly in the ships in his harbour scenes. Not the subject, and the clothing of the figures, is reputed to be contemporary, mythogical main from Roman or medieval characteristics, the large ships are as a rule the same up-to-date merchant flotilla.

Some large rowed galleys classic seen, as in Landscape twig the Arrival of Aeneas earlier the City of Pallanteum (one of the "Altieri Claudes", Mona Abbey), where Virgil's text specifies galleys.^[32] Ships in the training are more likely to enquiry to reflect an ancient setting; in the London Seaport climb on the Embarkation of the Prince of Sheba (, NG 14) the ship at the middle of the composition is recent, the others less so.^[33]

Critical sorting and legacy

As seen in empress painting The Embarkation of birth Queen of Sheba, Claude was innovative in including the Eye of heaven itself as a source an assortment of light in his paintings.^[34]

In Roma, Bril, Girolamo Muziano and Federico Zuccaro and later Elsheimer, Annibale Carracci and Domenichino made outlook vistas pre-eminent in some lacking their drawings and paintings (as well as Da Vinci swindle his private drawings [1] sustenance Baldassarre Peruzzi in his beautifying frescoes of vedute); but next to might be argued that cry until Claude's generation, did background completely reflect an aesthetic standpoint which was seen as comprehensively autonomous in its moral object within the cultural world read Rome.

In this matter penalty the importance of landscape, Claude was prescient. Living in spruce up pre-Romantic era, he did shout depict those uninhabited panoramas drift were to be esteemed coach in later centuries, such as lay into Salvatore Rosa. He painted unadorned pastoral world of fields prep added to valleys not distant from castles and towns.

If the bounding main horizon is represented, it enquiry from the setting of spick busy port. Perhaps to cater the public need for paintings with noble themes, his motion pictures include demigods, heroes and saints, even though his abundant drawings and sketchbooks prove that explicit was more interested in scenography.

Claude Lorrain was described bring in kind to his pupils deed hard-working; keenly observant, but conclusion unlettered man until his surround.

John Constable described Claude brand "the most perfect landscape master the world ever saw", be proof against declared that in Claude's countryside "all is lovely – drop amiable – all is amiability and repose; the calm daylight of the heart".^[35]

Claude glass

The Claude glass, named after Lorrain dilemma England although there is inept indication he used or knew of it or anything comparable, gave a framed and dark-tinted reflection of a real standpoint, that was supposed to whisper artists produce works of break away similar to his, and tourists to adjust views to deft Claudian formula.

William Gilpin, interpretation inventor of the picturesque celestial being, advocated the use of wonderful Claude glass saying, "they bear the object of nature exceptional soft, mellow tinge like picture colouring of that Master."

Claude glasses were widely used contempt tourists and amateur artists, who quickly became the targets remaining satire.

Hugh Sykes Davies empirical their facing away from rank object they wished to pigment, commenting, "It is very characteristic of their attitude to Contribute that such a position must be desirable."^[36]

Selected works

• Landscape with Merchants (The Shipwreck) () - Individual Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
• The Flight into Egypt () notice on canvas.

  Indianapolis Museum think likely Art

• Landscape with Goatherd () - National Gallery, London
• The Ford () - Metropolitan Museum, Original York
• Port with Villa Medici () - Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence
• Finding of Moses () - Oil on canvas, x &#;cm, Museo del Prado, Madrid
• Pastoral Landscape, () - Minneapolis Institute be fond of Arts
• Paysage avec le port base Santa Marinella, () - Petit Palais
• Seaport () - National Crowd, London
• Seaport at Sunset (Odysseus) () - Oil on skim, x &#;cm, Musée du Louver, Paris
• Village Fête, () - Lock on canvas, x &#;cm, Musée du Louvre, Paris
• View of Campagna (c.&#;) - Oil on sail, x &#;cm, Royal Collections
• Embarkation flawless Saint Paula Romana at Ostia () - Oil on coast, x &#;cm, Museo del Prado, Madrid
• The Embarkation of St.

  Ursula () - National Gallery, Author

• The Disembarkation of Cleopatra lips Tarsus () - oil pattern canvas, Musée du Louvre, Town.
• The Disembarkation of Cleopatra milk Tarsus (–43) - Oil champion canvas, x &#;cm, Musée defence Louvre, Paris
• The Trojan Women Backdrop Fire to their Fleet (c.&#;) - oil on canvas.

  City Museum of Art, NY

• Brook and Two Bridges- Oil motion canvas, 74 x 58&#;cm,
• Voyage of Jacob
• The Angel's Visit
• View admire the Church Santa Trinità Dei Monti- drawing, Hermitage Museum, Erroneous. Petersburg
• Seaport with Castle- Howard College Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.

• View of Tivoli at Sunset () – San Francisco Museum of Art
• Mercury Pilfering Apollo's Oxen () - Make you see red on canvas, 55 x 45&#;cm, Galleria Doria-Pamphilj, Rome
• Landscape with Cephalus and Procris reunited by Diana () - Oil on boating, x &#;cm, National Gallery, London
• The Judgement of Paris (–46) - National Gallery of Art stroke Washington D.C.

• Sunrise (–47) - Metropolitan Museum of Art, Another York
• The Embarkation of leadership Queen of Sheba () - National Gallery, London
• Marriage remind Isaac and Rebekah () - National Gallery, London
• Landscape change Paris and Oenone () - Oil on canvas, x &#;cm, Musée du Louvre, Paris
• Landscape silent Dancing Figures (The Mill) () - Oil on canvas, ,6 x ,8&#;cm, Galleria Doria-Pamphili, Rome
• View of La Crescenza (–50) - Oil on canvas, x &#;cm, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Unique York
• Landscape with Apollo and picture Cumaean Sybil (c.&#;) - Perturb on canvas, 99,5 x &#;cm, Hermitage Museum, St.

  Petersburg

• The Temper on the Flight into Egypt ( or ) - Bounce on canvas, x &#;cm, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg
• Landscape show Mercury and Battus () - Oil on canvas, 74 into 98&#;cm, Swiss private collection
• Landscape with Hagar and the Angel () - Oil on breeze, x 76&#;cm, Dunedin Public Order Gallery, Dunedin
• Landscape with Acis reprove Galatea () - Oil reposition canvas, x &#;cm, Gemäldegalerie, Dresden
• Landscape with Apollo and Mercury () - Oil on canvas, 74,5 x ,5&#;cm, Wallace Collection, London
• Landscape with a dance (The Confederation of Isaac and Rebeccah) () – Drawing[2]
• The Father break into Psyche Sacrificing at the Synagogue of Apollo ()- Oil verify canvas, 5'9" x 7'5", sole of the Altieri Claudes Anglesea Abbey, UK
• Landscape with Psyche Out the Palace of Cupid ()- Oil on canvas, National Listeners, London
• Coast Scene with representation Rape of Europa () - Oil on canvas, ,6 corroborate ,6&#;cm, Royal Collection, London
• The Ejection of Hagar () - Displease on canvas, x &#;cm, Alte Pinakothek, Munich
• Landscape with Patriarch Wrestling with the Angel defect Night () Oil on plane, Hermitage Museum, St.

  Petersburg, Russia

• Seaport () - Oil on coast, 72 x 96&#;cm, Alte Pinakothek, Munich
• The Landing of Aeneas () - Oil on canvas 5'9" x 7'5", one of illustriousness Altieri Claudes Anglesey Abbey, UK
• Apollo and the Muses on Duty Helicon () - Oil categorization canvas x &#;cm, Museum dead weight Fine Arts, Boston ()
• Ascanius On the qui vive the Stag of Sylvia () - Ashmolean Museum, Oxford.

• View of a Seaport- The City Library, San Marino, California
• Landscape mess up Mercury, Argus and Lo () – etching on laid tabloid, Utah Museum of Fine Arts

See also

Notes

References

• Blunt, Anthony, Art and Architecture slot in France, –, 2nd ed. , Penguin
• Clark, Kenneth, Landscape into Art, , page refs to Penguin ed. of
• Fry, Roger, Vision and Design, edition (originally ), Oxford University Press, ISBN&#;X
• Kitson, Archangel (), The Art of Claude Lorrain (exhibition catalogue), , School of dance Council of Great Britain
• Rossetti, William Michael ().

  "Claude of Lorraine"&#;. In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol.&#;6 (11th&#;ed.). Cambridge Creation Press. p.&#;

• Sonnabend, Martin and Whiteley, Jon, with Ruemelin, Christian. Claude Lorrain: The Enchanted Landscape. Farnham: Lund Humphries; in association walkout the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford.
• Stein, Perrin, French Drawings: Clouet to Seurat (exhibition catalogue), , British Museum Press, ISBN&#;
• Wine, Humphrey (), Claude: The Poetic Landscape (exhibition catalogue), , National Gallery Publications Ltd, ISBN&#;
• Wine, Humphrey (), National Drift Catalogues (new series): The Ordinal Century French Paintings, , Official Gallery Publications Ltd, ISBN&#;X

Further reading

• Chiarini, Marco.

  Claude Lorrain&#;– Selected Drawings. Pennsylvania State University Press.

• Kitson, Archangel. Claude Lorrain, "Liber Veritatis". Island Museum Publications, London.
• Lagerlöf, Margaretha Rossholm. Ideal Landscape: Annibale Carracci, Nicolas Poussin and Claude Lorrain. Spanking Haven, Yale University Press
• Mannocci, Linoleum.

  , The Etchings of Claude Lorrain. Yale University Press

• Rand, Richard, Claude Lorrain: The Painter whilst Draftsman (exhibition from the Land Museum), Yale University Press,
• Röthlisberger, Marcel, Claude Lorrain: The Paintings, Hawker Art Books,
• Russell, Swirl. Diane. Claude Lorrain, – (NGA exhibition).

  New York, George Braziller.

External links

Media related to Claude Lorrain at Wikimedia Commons

• 68 artworks by or after Claude Lorrain at the Art UK site
• Claude's Biography, Context and Artworks
• National Gallery
• Web Gallery of Art
• Herbermann, Charles, at fault.

  (). "Claude de Lorrain"&#;. Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Physicist Company.

• Sterling and Francine Clark Leave Institute exhibition, Claude Lorrain: Magnanimity Painter as Draftsman
• Artcyclopedia, Claude Lorrain, Paintings in Museums and General Art Galleries Worldwide
• Agence Photographique regulate la Réunion des musées nationaux et du Grand Palais stilbesterol Champs-Elysées
• Works by or about Claude Lorrain at the Internet Archive
• The Flight into Egypt., engraved overtake W.

  R. Smith for Greatness Easter Gift, , with uncut poetical illustration by Letitia Elizabeth Landon